A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection in any part of the urinary system, including the kidneys, bladder, or urethra.

UTIs are usually caused by bacteria, most commonly Escherichia coli (E. coli), which enter the urinary tract through the urethra.

Symptoms include a strong, persistent urge to urinate, a burning sensation when urinating, passing frequent, small amounts of urine, cloudy or strong-smelling urine, and pelvic pain in women.

Women are more likely to get UTIs due to their shorter urethra, which allows bacteria quicker access to the bladder. Other susceptible groups include sexually active individuals, postmenopausal women, and people with urinary catheters.

If untreated, UTIs can lead to kidney infections (pyelonephritis), which can cause permanent kidney damage.

UTIs are typically treated with antibiotics. Drinking plenty of water and urinating frequently can help flush out the bacteria. Over-the-counter pain relievers can help manage symptoms.